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| image courtesy: Biolanguage.in |
BLACK HOLE
Black holes are one of the strangest things in existence. They don't make seem to make any sense at all. Where do they come from and what happens if you fall into one?
Stars are incredibly massive collections of mostly hydrogen atoms that collapsed from enormous gas cloud under their own gravity in their core, nuclear fusion crushes hydrogen atoms into helium releasing a tremendous amount of energy. This energy, in the form of radiation, pushes against gravity, maintaining a delicate balance between the two forces. As long as there is fusion in the core, a star remains stable enough. But for stars with way more mass then our own sun the heat and pressure at the core allow them t fuse heavier elements until they reach iron. Unlike all elements that went before, the fusion process that creates iron does not generate any energy. Iron builds up at the center of the stars until reaches a critical amount and the balance between the radiation and gravity is suddenly broken. The core collapses. Within a fraction of a second, the star implodes. Moving at about the quarter of the speed of light, feeding even more mass into the core, it is a very this moment that all the heavier elements in the universe are created, as the star dies, in a supernova explosion. This produces either a neutron star or if the star is massive enough the entire mass of the core collapses into a black hole.
What you had really been seeing is the event horizon. Anything that crosses the event horizon needs to be traveling faster than the speed of light to escape. In other words, it's impossible. So we just see a black sphere reflecting nothing. But the event horizon is the black part, what is the "hole" part of the black hole? The singularity. We are not sure what it is exactly. A singularity may be indefinitely dense, meaning all its mass is concentrated into a single point in space, with no surface and volume, or something completely different. Right now we just don't know. it's like dividing by zero error. By the way, black holes do not suck things up like a vacuum cleaner, if we were to swap the sun for an equally massive black hole, nothing much would change for the earth, except that we would freeze to death, of course. What would happen to you if you fell into a black hole? The experience of times is different around black holes, From the outside. You seem to slow down as you approach the event horizon, so time passes so; ower for you. at some point, you would appear to freeze in time, slowly turn red, and disappear. while from your perspective, you can watch the rest of the universe in the fast forward, kind of like seeing into the future. Right now we don't know what happens next, but we think it could be one of the two things: One, you die a quick death. A black hole curves space som much, that once you cross the event horizon, there is only one possible direction. Would you mean that gravity acts with millions of times more force on different parts of your body?
Your cells get torn apart, as your body stretches more and more, until a hot stream of plasma, one atom wide. Two, you die a very quick death. very soon after you cross the event horizon, How you soon would die depends on the mass of the black hole. A smaller black hole would kill you before you even enter its even horizon, While you probably could travel inside a supersize massive black hole for quite a while. Currently, the largest supermassive black hole known is s50014+81.40 billion times the mass of our sun. It is 236.7 billion kilometers in diameter, Which is 47 times the distance from the sun to pluto. As powerful as black holes are, they will eventually evaporate through a process called Hawking radiation. To understand how this works, we have to look at empty space.
Empty space is not really empty, but filled with virtual particles popping into existence and annihilating other again. when this happens right on the edge of a black hole,
one of the virtual particles will be drawn into the black hole, and the other will be escaped and become a real particle. So the black ole is losing energy. This happens incredibly slowly first at first, when it arrives at the mass of a large asteroid, it's radiating at room temperature. When it has the mass of a mountain, it radiates with about the heat of our sun . and in the last second of its life, the black hole radiates away with the energy of billions of nuclear bombs in a huge explosion. but thus the process is incredibly slow,. The biggest black holes we know might take up a google year to evaporate. This is so long that when the last black hole radiates away, nobody will be around to witness it. This universe will become inhabitable, long before then. This is not the end of our story, there are loads more interesting ideas about black holes, Are you alone in the universe?
This is the first-ever image of a black hole released by the event horizon .telescope collaboration on Apri 10th 2019it shows plasma orbiting the supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy M87. The bright region shows were plasma is coming towards us and since it is traveling near the speed of light it appears brighter when coming towards us and dimmer when going away. This is called real beaming. From the images, scientists can tell that the plasma is orbiting clockwise. it takes 2 days for the plasma to complete one orbit. Here to complete one orbit. Here we look at the black hole using electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 1.3millimeters radio waves. This was the part of the spectrum used to make the image because it can show us the features close to the event horizon and it can pass through the accretion disk and the interstellar disk and interestaller dust to reach our telescopes. The supermassive black holes inM87 are very very active meaning its telescopes. The supermassive black hole constantly feeding on lots of matter from its glowing hot accretion disk, but it has narrowly collimated jets above and below and it shows as blue n, thought to be created by incredibly strong magnetic fields. The jets extend out at least 5000 lightyears and one of them appears to be them almost pointing straight at us. Relativistic beaming is again the reason we can see them, not the one going away. Since the jet is almost pointed straight at us I am thinking perspective is almost perpendicular to the accretion disk but let's have a look at what we would see if we were looking at different orientations.
The wrapping of space-time around the hole means we can see light even form part of the acceleration disk behind the black hole. They are licensed above and below the shadow region. Not gonna lie but this is so trippy. Could stare at it for a long time, So the biggest question most people are going to be asking why the image is so fuzzy? The answer because it's so tiny. Don't get me wrong the black hole is itself huge supermassive in fact. As measured in this picture the black hole has a mass 6.5 billion times that of our sun. This is the actual size of the shadow is nearby the size of our solar system.
conclusion
That's probably we will have to a little longer to see the black hole at the center of our galaxy. For now, the striking image of a black hole in M87 confirms beyond a shadow of a doubt that of black hole does exist.
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2 Comments
God bless u
ReplyDeleteThank u mam.😊
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